手工粉笔五彩斑斓中坚守传统

（共9张）2016/10/28 15:00:31

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<p>深秋的天气有些阴郁，一切都显得无精打采。陕西户县祖庵镇双旗村做手工粉笔的几户村民在小院中忙碌，他们是这个粉笔村依然在坚持手工做粉笔的几户。（图/文 王警）</p>
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<p>陕西户县祖庵镇双旗村座落于户县县城西边2号路南端，当地人也叫两旗村，分为双北村和双南村两个自然村子。上个世纪八十年代初，双旗村悄然兴起了制作粉笔的热潮，全村80%的农户都在制作粉笔，成为庄稼人勤劳致富的一个支柱产业。那时的双旗村，家家户户的前后院子、街道两旁，摆满了晾晒粉笔的架子，五颜六色的的粉笔就像一道道彩虹，把村子装扮的十分美丽壮观。</p>
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<p>今年43岁的张影毅，已经做了20多年的粉笔，他家一年能做6000箱左右，一箱2500支，批发价就是20-30元。除去成本，勉强能养活家，供俩孩子上学。今年原料涨价了，但他们销售的粉笔还是原价，所以收入比去年少些。图为张影毅在称重。</p>
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<p>粉笔的制作过程是：先给拌料的水桶里加一定量的水，再用杆秤称一定量的石膏粉，把石膏粉倒入水桶中，加入少量的凝固剂，用自制的电动搅拌工具搅拌均匀，然后把浆液倒入粉笔模具，用刮板刮去多余的浆液，灌注就算完成。加工白粉笔时，浆液的成分就是水和石膏粉，加工彩色粉笔时，就加入相应颜色的染料。图为在张影毅家的二楼，每个房间都晾晒着粉笔。</p>
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<p>制作人员将浆液倒入模具。</p>
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<p>张影毅试试是否凝固。通常浆液在模具里静置四五分钟，就凝固成了粉笔。</p>
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<p>把模具翻个面，放到簸箕状的木制斗上，用刮板刮去模具表面多余的凝固浆液，再用自制的脱模工具把粉笔从模具里冲下来，然后把木斗放在一边再让粉笔挥发水分。</p>
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<p>制作粉笔的师傅还会用毛刷蘸上柴油清理脱模后的模具，这样更有利于粉笔顺利脱模。而清理过的模具，就可以进行下一次的浆液灌注。</p>
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<p>加工粉笔的人，就盼望好天气，这样有利于粉笔的晾晒。遇见下雨天，还得用塑料膜把摊放的粉笔盖上。</p>
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手工粉笔 五彩斑斓中坚守传统

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